A scientific team led by the Doñana Biological Station analysed the evolution of life cycles and reproductive modes of all the major amphibian clades: frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. The researchers have analysed data for more than 4000 amphibian species.

This study concluded that most species reproduce by alternative modes to ancestral aquatic reproduction. The evolution of terrestrial reproduction did not occur sequentially.

Trichocorixa verticalis (Corixidae) is native to North America but is well established as an alien in the Western Mediterranean region, where it is invasive in permanent coastal wetlands with high salinities. The annual cycle and generation time of T. verticalis was investigated in the introduced range in south-west Spain, through a combination of field surveys and laboratory experiments.