The Osprey is an emblematic example of conservation. Currently, the species is progressively recovering in population size and range after dramatic reductions as a consequence of human persecution and the use of pesticides in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Here, the population trend and productivity were analysed in relation to the nesting substrate and the protection status of the nest location.

Understanding how density dependence modifies demographic parameters in long-lived vertebrates is a challenge for ecologists. A number of studies have highlighted the importance of habitat heterogeneity in density dependence in territorial species, but less information exists on demographic processes in colonial species. In this study, long-term data from a recovering population of Cinereous Vultures in southern Spain were used to evaluate environmental and population parameters influencing...