Genomic rerrangements are key to understand the patterns of speciation and diversification in eukaryotes. In this talk we use the plant lineage of the sedges, which have holocentric chromosomes (with multiple centromeres along the chromosomes), as study system to understand the consequences of karyotype evolution. At macroevolutionary level, we model chromosome evolution across sedges and test its link with cladogenesis. Using comparative genomics, we compare genomes from the same species and from closely and distantly related species to understand the genomic arquitecture of chromosome rearrangements. Finally, we use landscape genomics to test adaptive evolution of genome rearrangements in a lineage of four closely related species of sedges.