First review and synthesis paper on feather fault bars. A model is proposed to link fault bar severity with the propensity to produce fault bars and the intensity of the perturbation. This study...

Many theoretical models on the evolution of nestling begging assume this behavior is costly, so that only nestlings in real need of food would profit from giving intensive signals to parents....

Melanins are the ubiquitous pigments distributed in nature. They are one of the main pigments responsible for colors in living cells. Birds are among the most diverse animals regarding...

Terrestrial invertebrates comprise a large proportion of alien species worldwide, yet a quantitative global synthesis of their effects on native species and ecosystems has not been explored. In...

Pollinator spill-over among habitats can arise in order to fulfill the pollination function and whenever differences in floral offering change over time or space. Flowering crops offer pulsed and...