The adjustment to climate change and the differential effects of temperature on resident and migratory birds were studied using the start dates of the laying in ten long-term studies in nest-boxes in Europe with data on at least one species of resident tit ??and one species of migratory flycatcher. Resident tit populations advanced their breeding more strongly in relation to temperature increases than migratory flycatchers. The divergence was strongest in the lower latitudes where the interval between tits and flycatchers is smaller and winter conditions are more favourable for residents. The phenological adjustment of flycatchers to climate change seems to be progressively further hampered by competition with resident species. The differential effect of climate change on groups of species with superimposed reproductive ecology affects the phenological interval between them, impinging on interspecific interactions. informacion[at]ebd.csic.es Samplonius et al. (2018) Phenological sensitivity to climate change is higher in resident than in migrant bird populations among European cavity breeders; Global Change Biol https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14160