Interaction effects of field spatial scale, predator colonization behavior, and pesticide sprays on pest suppression in an agroecosystem: a modelling approach
Ecological field studies and theory over the past several decades have demonstrated that the spatial scale of heterogeneous habitats can have a profound effect on the growth, movement, reproduction, and mortality of resident plants and animals. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) schemes often build on this by establishing or retaining natural vegetation in and around agroecosystems in addition to strategic pesticide spraying. However, the effects of both habitat heterogeneity and pesticides vary greatly among species both within and across trophic levels, creating challenges for determining how best to manage landscapes in order to maximize environmental services such as biological control. Using a system of partial differential equations to simulate the spatio-temporal dynamics of predator-prey interactions in an agroecosystem, I address some gaps in our understanding of the link between non-crop vegetation in field margins and pest suppression. I examining differences in how predator colonize crop fields from adjacent vegetation as a potential driver of differences in overall pest suppression. Secondly, I demonstrate how differences in colonization behavior may interact with spatial scale and sublethal effects of pesticide sprays in determining the ability of predators to suppress prey in diversified agroecosystems, and discuss the implications of these findings for IPM.