Anthropization is one of the main threats against biodiversity due to its impact on the characteristics of natural habitats. Currently, its negative effect on some species is enhanced by the increase of the average temperatures. Notwithstanding, this same scenario may also represent a perfect opportunity for some other species to spread. Ants are perfect tools to study this cause-effect processes in artificial ecosystems due to their value as bioindicators and their role as either pest control or invasive species. In this seminar, we will briefly talk about how the red wood ants, threated by habitat loss and global warming, are good candidates for the biological control of the bark beetle. The populations of this beetle, a pest species of spruce which causes serious ecological and economical losses, experienced a “boom” favored by the clear-cut and the high temperatures. Then, I will also present the consequences of habitat colonization by Solidago spp. on the arthropod’s community, using ants as an example. These invasive plants introduced for ornamental purposes, lead to changes in habitat features which strongly affect the arthropods’ assemblages. As the last point, we will discuss the most dangerous human activity, urbanization. This phenomenon usually negatively affects the local biodiversity of arthropods, decreasing the species richness and threatening the presence of specialist species. However, for invasive species this situation is perfect to expand their populations to new areas, even if sometimes they have to share the territory. Finally, I will end up with an introduction of my current research “the influence of the heat island effect on the ant activity