Inversiones cromosómicas como mecanismo de diferenciación simpátrica en codornices - EVOLQUAIL
Chromosomal inversions as a mechanism of sympatric differentiation in quails
Investigador principal
Carles Vilà
Entidad financiera
MIN CIENCIA E INNOVACION
Fecha de inicio
Fecha de fin
Código
PID2019-108163GB-I00
Departamento
Ecología y Evolución
Investigadores
Sánchez Donoso, Inés; Ravagni, Sara; Vinagre Izquierdo, Celia;Rodríguez Teijeiro, José Domingo (Universidad de Barcelona)
Descripción
Estudios genómicos recientes han demostrado que las inversiones cromosómicas pueden desempeñar un papel importante en los procesos de adaptación, diversificación y especiación. Las inversiones cromosómicas pueden prevenir la recombinación de alelos coadaptados con otros maladaptativos, lo que lleva a que se formen combinaciones de rasgos que se heredan juntos, como una sola unidad, los llamados supergenes. Aunque los estudios teóricos sugieren que esto puede ser muy común en todo el árbol de la vida, los datos genómicos extensos aún son escasos para la mayoría de los organismos no-modelo y no está claro con qué frecuencia los polimorfismos intrapoblacionales podrían deberse a inversiones genómicas. Datos preliminares de nuestro grupo de investigación sugieren que una inversión cromosómica muy grande puede estar afectando el genoma de las codornices comunes en el suroeste de la Península Ibérica y que podría estar asociada con diferencias en pigmentación, tamaño corporal y forma del ala. Con este proyecto investigaremos si una inversión cromosómica está realmente detrás de este polimorfismo morfológico intraespecífico. Primero confirmaremos y caracterizaremos la inversión. A continuación estudiaremos los mecanismos que permiten la coexistencia en la misma población de estos polimorfismos cromosómicos que pueden tener un efecto fenotípico tan dramático. Evaluaremos si hay apareamientos selectivos entre los individuos con cada tipo cromosómico, lo que podría conducir al aislamiento precigótico, y la disminución de la supervivencia de los heterocigotos cromosómicos (heterocariotipos). También investigaremos si diferencias en fenología o en comportamiento migratorio podrían contribuir a un aislamiento relativo de los linajes. El conocimiento detallado del origen evolutivo de esta inversión y sus efectos fenotípicos puede ayudarnos a comprender el origen de las codornices en las islas Macaronesias, donde coexisten codornices migratorias y residentes con diferentes morfologías. Para lograr estos objetivos, integraremos muestreos de campo con análisis genómicos, inmunofluorescencia de células meióticas y análisis de isótopos estables. Dada la importancia económica y social de las codornices, este estudio puede ser de interés tanto para biólogos evolutivos y ecólogos de movimientos, como para cazadores y ornitólogos.
Recent genomic studies have shown that chromosomal inversions may play an important role in adaptation, diversification and speciation. Chromosomal inversions protect co-adapted alleles from recombination with maladaptive ones, resulting in combinations of traits that are inherited together, as a single unit, called supergenes. Although theoretical studies suggest that this may be common across the tree of life, extensive genomic data is still scarce for most non-model organisms and it is not clear how often intra-population polymorphisms could be due to genomic inversions. Preliminary data from our research group suggests that one very large chromosomal inversion may be affecting the genome of common quails in the South-West of the Iberian Peninsula and that this could be associated with differences in pigmentation, size and wing shape. In this project we will investigate if a chromosomal inversion is indeed behind this intraspecific morphological polymorphism. We will confirm and characterize the genomic inversion, and then study the mechanisms that allow the coexistence in the same population of these structural variants that may have such dramatic phenotypic effect. We will study if there is assortative mating between the types that could lead to pre-zygotic isolation, and if there is decreased survival of chromosomal heterozygotes (heterokaryotypes). Further, we will investigate if differences in phenology or in migratory behavior could contribute to a relative isolation of the chromosomal types. This detailed knowledge of the evolutionary origin of this inversion and its phenotypic effects can help us understand the origin of quails in Macaronesian islands, where migratory and resident quails with different morphologies coexist. To achieve these objectives we will integrate field surveys with genomic analyses, immunoflourescence of meiotic cells, and stable isotope analyses. Given the economic and social importance of quails, it is likely that this study will be of interest for evolutionary biologists
and movement ecologists as well as hunters and ornithologists
Recent genomic studies have shown that chromosomal inversions may play an important role in adaptation, diversification and speciation. Chromosomal inversions protect co-adapted alleles from recombination with maladaptive ones, resulting in combinations of traits that are inherited together, as a single unit, called supergenes. Although theoretical studies suggest that this may be common across the tree of life, extensive genomic data is still scarce for most non-model organisms and it is not clear how often intra-population polymorphisms could be due to genomic inversions. Preliminary data from our research group suggests that one very large chromosomal inversion may be affecting the genome of common quails in the South-West of the Iberian Peninsula and that this could be associated with differences in pigmentation, size and wing shape. In this project we will investigate if a chromosomal inversion is indeed behind this intraspecific morphological polymorphism. We will confirm and characterize the genomic inversion, and then study the mechanisms that allow the coexistence in the same population of these structural variants that may have such dramatic phenotypic effect. We will study if there is assortative mating between the types that could lead to pre-zygotic isolation, and if there is decreased survival of chromosomal heterozygotes (heterokaryotypes). Further, we will investigate if differences in phenology or in migratory behavior could contribute to a relative isolation of the chromosomal types. This detailed knowledge of the evolutionary origin of this inversion and its phenotypic effects can help us understand the origin of quails in Macaronesian islands, where migratory and resident quails with different morphologies coexist. To achieve these objectives we will integrate field surveys with genomic analyses, immunoflourescence of meiotic cells, and stable isotope analyses. Given the economic and social importance of quails, it is likely that this study will be of interest for evolutionary biologists
and movement ecologists as well as hunters and ornithologists