A study demonstrates how poorly dispersal syndromes perform at explaining seed dispersal by animals (zoochory)
Only 4% of the many European plant species dispersed by ungulate endoozocoria belong to the corresponding syndrome.

Barrier effect is a road-related impact affecting several animal populations. It can be caused by behavioural responses towards roads, associated emissions and/or circulating vehicles. Most studies so far have described road-effect zones along major roads, without determining the actual factor inducing the behavioural response. The purpose of the present study was to assess the factors potentially causing road-effect zones in a heterogeneous road network and eventually to estimate the...