Some species such as large carnivores cause damage to human economic activities and at the same time are of interest for conservation by acting as key species in ecosystems. These species can be simultaneously under conservation and control actions with opposite objectives, generating conflict situations. In my thesis project, we intend to analyze the new conservation challenges faced by the Cantabrian brown bear population. This population reached population minimums around the decades of the 80-90s. Currently, although still in danger of extinction, the population is in a more favourable situation, which poses new challenges for its conservation. The increase in population and distribution area causes the conflict scenario to increase and spread to new areas. Our main objective is to make an ecological and social approach to these new problems posed by the expansion of this species. To do this, we will analyze how the changes in the distribution have been so far, as well as the potential areas for expansion. We will use surveys to measure the perception that different social groups have about conservation and conflicts with this species. Finally, we also want to characterize some of these conflictive situations such as damages to human property and especially the approach of individuals to inhabited and urban areas.